Monday, February 15, 2010

Profitability and Sustainability

Profitability and Sustainability: A Financial Overview of Division 1-A College Football Programs

It can be said with certainty that money talks and rules. While the statement may hold true in a vast majority of situations, one would expect that in the world of college sports – where the student-athletes are encouraged to compete with amateur spirit for the love of the game and sportsmanship – this would not necessarily hold true. The casual football fan would probably also suspect that even if a particular BCS program is profitable, it would be marginal. However, upon a closer inspection of the data available through the Equity in Athletics data released by the US Department of Education, it can be quickly determined that the financial health of most Division 1-A Programs is “A-OK”; furthermore, the collegiate football program of any given school is extremely profitable and there are enough evidence to suggest that the profitability is sustainable for the near future.

The Bottom Line

Every year, the US Department of Education website (http://ope.ed.gov/athletics/) publishes financial data for every single NCAA school in the country. From this dataset, one is able to get an idea of how profitable some of the top athletic programs can be. Here is the gross profit from football operations from the top 5 football schools in 2008:

1. University of Texas - $65.0mil

2. University of Georgia - $45.4mil

3. University of Florida - $43.3mil

4. Penn State - $42.6mil

5. LSU - $39.1mil

· It must be noted here that of the 119 Div.1A programs, only 19 turned a negative profit in 2008.

To put these numbers in perspective, here are some of the profits from several Fortune 500 companies:

- Warner Music Group - $60.0mil

- Universal - $7.9mil

- Bon-Ton Stores - $46.9mil

- Barnes & Noble - $150.8mil

- Toys “R” Us - $28.0mil

- US Airways Group - $304.0mil

(Source: http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune500/2007/full_list/201_300.html)

As evidenced by the data, some of the biggest Division-1A programs bring in enough cash to rival some of the biggest corporations in America. Remember that this is not a discussion of the gross profit of the entire athletic department of each given school; it is a discussion of ONLY gross profit generated from the football program.

If the football program of a school is capable of earning revenues that rival one of the largest retail franchises in the country, then clearly, the health of the major teams must not be in jeopardy even in these tough economic times.

Also, a perusal of the data for the other years are very similar to the 2008 dataset presented above. This analysis indicates that college football as a whole is a rich enterprise (even if it is classified as a non-profit entity) that has a humongous impact on the economy from its sheer size alone. This not-so-well-known topic is definitely worth exploring, so keep your eyes open for the upcoming entries.

Next Week: Money Not Only Talks, But Money Also Recruits, And Puts W’s on the Board

It is true that there may not be a direct relationship between W’s and the revenues that the teams can bring in. However, according to the same US Department of Education spreadsheet, high total football-related revenues were strongly correlated with high recruitment expenses. Stay tuned for the next entry on the relationship between “profitability, revenue, recruitment and wins.”

Monday, February 8, 2010

Welcome and Introduction








WELCOME

Super Bowl Sunday is the most popular unofficial holiday in the United States. However, many American are unaware of how much of an economic impact this football game has; over a billion dollars exchange hands in the United States alone in Super-Bowl-related expenses (Americans spent over $55million on food for Super Bowl parties last year, http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/19089/super_bowl_sunday_partying_eating_and.html?cat=19). Some find these figures bizarre; others, however, suggest that they are perfectly fitting since the National Football League is a multi-billion dollar business, and a season finale between the two best teams in the League merit this much hype and excitement (and therefore the enormous expenses). However, an issue in football economics that is seldom talked about is college football.

COLLEGE FOOTBALL + $$
If the finances and economics behind professional football are justified, well-understood and widely accepted, then their collegiate counterparts are exactly the opposite. Universities, the NCAA do not disclose much information regarding the financial aspect of their college football programs. Therefore, only when scandals involving bribes and illegal monetary gifts to recruits or players are uncovered, do we get to hear about some aspect or rule in place to keep dollars away from so-called “student-athletes” until they turn pro. Having said that, we know that NCAA goes to great lengths to keep college sports segregated from corporate sponsorships and other involvement of professional compensation (they say this keeps the collegiate sports “amateur” like the way it is supposed to be); at the same time, we also know that college football programs bring in hundreds of millions of dollars of revenue for their respective universities. (In 2007, University of Texas brought in $120million in revenue through its football program, and the Big 12 Conference as a whole made $800million in revenue). This is an interesting issue: The “higher-ups” in the collegiate football organizations allege that they are doing their best to keep the sport “amateur” and at the same time, they are bringing in huge revenue for their respective schools. Not only are issues regarding money and college football interesting, they are becoming important issues in the news today. In May 2009, there was even a bill passed in Congress regarding a playoff system for the sport. In order to help a layperson understand the complex economic involvement behind the football programs, this blog was created.

ABOUT THE BLOG
As stated, Economics of the Collegiate Gridiron will explore a variety of issues regarding financial and monetary issues involving collegiate football. The issues at hand will range from recent trends in head coaches’ compensation to the economics behind the BCS Playoff System argument. Stay tuned for the next week’s blog posting about the sustainability and profitability of revenues and expenses incurred by football programs from major-conferences.

SCHEDULE
Week 1: Welcome and Introduction
Week 2: Sustainability and Profitability
Week 3: Economic Involvement of the NCAA and Conferences
Week 4: Recruiting and Money
Week 5: Money, Winning Records and Bowls
Week 6: Trends in Compensation of Head Coaches
Week 7: The Economics Behind the BCS Playoff Argument
Week 8 – 14: TBD